Django - Unknown field(s). Formularze

Question

C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\MyShop>python manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...

Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper
 at 0x0341E8E8>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packag
es\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 225, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packag
es\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 117, in inner_run
    self.check(display_num_errors=True)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packag
es\django\core\management\base.py", line 379, in check
    include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packag
es\django\core\management\base.py", line 366, in _run_checks
    return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packag
es\django\core\checks\registry.py", line 71, in run_checks
    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packag
es\django\core\checks\urls.py", line 13, in check_url_config
    return check_resolver(resolver)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packag
es\django\core\checks\urls.py", line 23, in check_resolver
    return check_method()
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packag
es\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 396, in check
    for pattern in self.url_patterns:
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packag
es\django\utils\functional.py", line 37, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packag
es\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 533, in url_patterns
    patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packag
es\django\utils\functional.py", line 37, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packag
es\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 526, in urlconf_module
    return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\importlib\_
_init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\MyShop\MyShop\urls.py", line 24, in <module>
    path('', include('shop.urls')),
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packag
es\django\urls\conf.py", line 34, in include
    urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\importlib\_
_init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\MyShop\shop\urls.py", line 3, in <module>
    from . import views
  File "C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\MyShop\shop\views.py", line 4, in <module>
    from .forms import *
  File "C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\MyShop\shop\forms.py", line 18, in <module>
    class BuyForm(forms.ModelForm):
  File "C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packag
es\django\forms\models.py", line 266, in __new__
    raise FieldError(message)
django.core.exceptions.FieldError: Unknown field(s) (delivery, buyer, item) spec
ified for Item

 

Usiłuję utworzyć funkcję "kup teraz" w swoim sklepie internetowym https://github.com/Incybro/MyShop i przyznaję, że trochę się pogubiłem. Chciałbym, aby po kliknięciu "kup teraz", użytkownika przekierowało do formularza, gdzie będzie miał wypełnione już jaki przedmiot chce zamówić oraz za jaką cenę, natomiast resztę formularza - dostawę - będzie wypełniać samodzielnie. Wymyśliłem, że zrobię to tak, jak kiedyś robiłem formularz edycji postu:

forms.py

from django import forms
from .models import *
from django.db import models

class ItemForm(forms.ModelForm):
    img = models.ImageField(blank=True, null=True,
        upload_to='covers/%Y/%m/%D/')
    title = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
    price = models.FloatField(null=False, blank=False)
    category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    class Meta:
        model = Item
        fields = (
        'title',
        'category',
        'price',
        'img',)
class BuyForm(forms.ModelForm):
    model = Order

    class Meta:
        model = Item
        fields = (
        'item',
        'delivery',
        'price',
        'buyer',)

models.py

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class Category(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    description = models.TextField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title
class Item(models.Model):
    seller = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    price = models.FloatField(null=False, blank=False)
    img = models.ImageField(blank=True, null=True,
        upload_to='covers/%Y/%m/%D/')
    published_date = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Supplier(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Delivery(models.Model):
    title = models.ForeignKey(Supplier, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    price_of_delivery = models.FloatField(null=False, blank=False)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Order(models.Model):
    item = models.ForeignKey(Item, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    delivery = models.ForeignKey(Delivery, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    order_date = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    buyer = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    price = models.FloatField(null=False, blank=False)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.item

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, redirect
from .models import Item, Category
from django.utils import timezone
from .forms import *

def homepage(request):
	 items = Item.objects.filter(published_date__lte=timezone.now()).order_by('-published_date')
	 return render(request, 'shop/homepage.html', {'items': items})
def item_details(request, pk):
    item = get_object_or_404(Item, pk=pk)
    return render(request, 'shop/item_details.html', {'item': item})
def item_new(request):
	if request.method == "POST":
		form = ItemForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
		if form.is_valid():
			item = form.save(commit=False)
            item.buyer = request.user
            item.order_date = timezone.now()
			item.save()
			return redirect('item_details', pk=item.pk)
	else:
		form = ItemForm()
	return render(request, 'shop/item_edit.html', {'form': form})

def buy_item(request, pk):
	item = get_object_or_404(Item, pk=pk)
	if request.method == "POST":
		form = BuyForm(request.POST, instance=item)
		if form.is_valid():
			item = form.save(commit=False)
			item.author = request.user
			item.published_date = timezone.now()
			item.save()
			return redirect('item_details', pk=item.pk)
	else:
		form = BuyForm(instance=item)
	return render(request, 'shop/buy_item.html', {'item': item})

buy_item.html

{% extends 'shop/base.html' %}
{% block content %}
{{ item.pk }}
{{ item.title }}

    <h1>New post</h1>
    <form method="POST" class="post-form">{% csrf_token %}
        {{ form.as_p }}
        <button type="submit" class="save btn btn-default">Buy</button>
    </form>
{% endblock %}

urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
	path('', views.homepage, name='homepage'),
	path('item/<int:pk>', views.item_details, name='item_details'),
	path('item/new', views.item_new, name='item_new'),
	path('buy/<int:pk>', views.buy_item, name='buy_item')
]

Niestety wyświetla mi się błąd jak powyżej, czyli Unknown field(s). Jak to poprawić? :/

Answer 1

class BuyForm(forms.ModelForm):
    model = Order
 
    class Meta:
        model = Item

Coś tu aby w złym miejscu jest?

 

Comments

Jakoś nie wiele mi to pomaga, zważywszy na fakt, że wartości, które chce ustawić są kluczem obcym i wpisanie na sztywno jakiegoś tekstu nie przyniesie efektu.

Próbowałem też tak:

	def form_valid(self, form):
		form.instance.item = Item.objects.get(self.kwargs['pk'])
		return super(ItemCreate, self).form_valid(form)

Ale efekt ten sam, czyli nic się nie dzieje.

Nawet wpisanie "pk" na sztywno nic nie daje:

	def form_valid(self, form):
		form.instance.item = Item.objects.get(pk=1)
		return super(ItemCreate, self).form_valid(form)

Zero błędów, zero efektów.

---

że wartości, które chce ustawić są kluczem obcym

No, ustawiasz wartość item_id - z punktu widzenia Order, przyszłego klucza obcego. W funkcyjnych widokach to by było dokładnie, jak w linku wyżej. W klasowych, na oko (piszę na sucho):

initial['item'] = self.kwargs['pk']

 

 

---

I że niby gdzie mam to wstawić? Bo gdziekolwiek nie wstawię, to wywala błąd, że albo nie wie co to "initial" albo nie wie co to "self".

Bo spójrz tutaj:

	def form_valid(self, form):
		form.instance.item = Item.objects.get(self.kwargs['pk'])
		return super(ItemCreate, self).form_valid(form)

Nic, kompletnie nic. Zero efektu.

---

Wiesz co... może dla uproszczenia wrócę do funkcji.

class BuyForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Order
        # ...

def buy_item(request, pk):
    item = get_object_or_404(Item, pk=pk)
    if request.method == "POST":
         # ...
    else:
        form = BuyForm(initial={'item': pk, 'price': item.price})

 

---

  File "C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\MyShop\shop\forms.py", line 27
    else:
       ^
IndentationError: expected an indented block

Natomiast przy takiej formie;

def buy_item(request, pk):
    item = get_object_or_404(Item, pk=pk)
    if request.method != "POST":
        form = BuyForm(initial={'item': pk, 'price': item.price})

Zero błędów, zero efektów.

 

Zrobiłem to tak:

	def get_initial(self):
		item = get_object_or_404(Item, pk=self.kwargs['pk'])
		self.initial.update({
			'buyer': self.request.user,
			'price': item.price,
			'item': item.pk,
		})
		return super(ItemCreate, self).get_initial()

Działa

Answer 2

Nie jestem pewny, ale spróbuj zmienić klasę bazową formularza z `forms.ModelForm` na `forms.Form`.

Comments

Wtedy cały mechanizm z

    class Meta:
        model = Item

przestanie działać, nie?